Starting in early 1915, the Ottoman Turks began deporting and killing hundreds of thousands of Armenians in the first major genocide of the twentieth century. By the end of the First World War, the number of Armenians in what would become Turkey had been reduced by 90 percent--more than a million people. A century later, the Armenian Genocide remains controversial but relatively unknown, overshadowed by later slaughters and the chasm separating Turkish and Armenian interpretations of events. In this definitive narrative history, Ronald Suny cuts through nationalist myths, propaganda, and denial to provide an unmatched account of when, how, and why the atrocities of 1915-16 were committed. Drawing on archival documents and eyewitness accounts, this is an unforgettable chronicle of a cataclysm that set a tragic pattern for a century of genocide and crimes against humanity.
On 24th April 2015 people around the world commemorated the centenary of the death of over one million Armenians. In their eyes, and in those of many around the world, they will be remembering a genocide perpetrated by the Ottoman Empire. Turkey has always explained the dead as simply victims of a vicious civil war, and continues to this day to refuse to acknowledge the events as constituting genocide.This argument has become, in turn, an international issue. Twenty national parliaments in democratic countries have voted to recognise the genocide, but Britain and the USA continue to equivocate for fear, it would seem, of alienating their NATO ally.In this seminal book, Geoffrey Robertson QC, a former UN appeals judge, sets out to prove beyond all reasonable doubt that the massacres and deportations were a crime against humanity which amounted to genocide.
As a world war rages in Europe in 1915, Ottoman authorities commence on the eastern frontier of their empire, the systematic slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians - the first genocide of the 20th century. A teenage boy named Kaspar Hovannisian is one among a generation of Armenians who survives the murder of their families and ancestral homeland, and escape to new destinies in the United States. Kaspar follows the American Dream to the San Joaquin Valley of California, where he amasses an agricultural and real estate empire. But memories of his homeland burn strong - a legacy of love, sorrow, and faith in salvation. Kaspar`s son Richard leaves the family farm determined to protect the history of a lost nation against the forces of time and denial. He helps pioneer the field of Armenian Studies in the United States and becomes a world authority on genocide. Kaspar`s grandson Raffi is himself haunted by memory, but he is also inspired in 1989 to leave his law firm in Los Angeles and to stage the unprecedented act of repatriation to Soviet Armenia, where he plays a historic role in a difficult, but independent, new republic.Now, in a moving book that is part investigative memoir and part history of the Armernian diaspora, Garin Hovannisian tells his family`s story - a tale of tragedy, memory, and redemption which illuminates the long shadows that history casts on the lives of men.
”Brilliant.”-Time ”Admirable, rigorous. De Waal [is] a wise and patient reporter.”-The New York Review of Books ”Never have all the twists and turns, sad carnage, and bullheadedness on all side been better described-or indeed, better explained...Offers a deeper and more compelling account of the conflict than anyone before.”-Foreign Affairs Since its publication in 2003, the first edition of Black Garden has become the definitive study of how Armenia and Azerbaijan, two southern Soviet republics, were pulled into a conflict that helped bring them to independence, spell the end the Soviet Union, and plunge a region of great strategic importance into a decade of turmoil. This important volume is both a careful reconstruction of the history of the Nagorny Karabakh conflict since 1988 and on-the-spot reporting of the convoluted aftermath. Part contemporary history, part travel book, part political analysis, the book is based on six months traveling through the south Caucasus, more than 120 original interviews in the region, Moscow, and Washington, and unique historical primary sources, such as Politburo archives.The historical chapters trace how the conflict lay unresolved in the Soviet era; how Armenian and Azerbaijani societies unfroze it; how the Politiburo failed to cope with the crisis; how the war was fought and ended; how the international community failed to sort out the conflict. What emerges is a complex and subtle portrait of a beautiful and fascinating region, blighted by historical prejudice and conflict. The revisedand updated 10th-year anniversary edition includes a new forward, a new chapter covering developments up to-2011, such as the election of new presidents in both countries, Azerbaijan`s oil boom and the new arms race in the region, and a new conclusion, analysing the reasons for the intractability of the conflict and whether there are any prospects for its resolution. Telling the story of the first conflict to shake Mikhail Gorbachev`s Soviet Union, Black Garden remains a central account of the reality of the post-Soviet world.
What do `Abu Sindi`, `Timothy Sean McCormack`, `Saro`, and `Commander Avo` all have in common? They were all aliases for Monte Melkonian. But who was Monte Melkonian? In his native California he was once a kid in cut-off jeans, playing baseball and eating snow cones. Europe denounced him as an international terrorist. His adopted homeland of Armenia decorated him as a national hero who led a force of 4000 men to victory in the Armenian enclave of Mountainous Karabagh in Azerbaijan. Why Armenia? Why adopt the cause of a remote corner of the Caucasus whose peoples had scattered throughout the world after the early twentieth century Ottoman genocides? Markar Melkonian spent seven years unravelling the mystery of his brother`s road: a journey which began in his ancestors` town in Turkey and leading to a blood-splattered square in Tehran, the Kurdish mountains, the bomb-pocked streets of Beirut, and finally, to the windswept heights of Mountainous Karabagh. Monte`s life embodied the agony and the follies bedevelling the end of the Cold War and the unravelling of the Soviet Union. Yet, who really was this man? A terrorist or a hero?”My Brother`s Road” is not just the story of a long journey and a short life, it is an attempt to understand what happens when one man decides that terrible actions speak louder than words.
As a child in Turkey, Fethiye Cetin knew her grandmother as a happy and well respected Muslim housewife. Decades later, her grandmother revealed the truth: she was by birth a Christian Armenian, and most of the men in the village where she grew up were slaughtered in 1915. In this heartwrenching memoir, Cetin tells a powerful story that breaks the silence surrounding the Armenian genocide.