This definitive, multi-volume history of the world`s first known state reveals that much of what we have been taught about Ancient Egypt is the product of narrow-minded visions of the past. Drawing on a lifetime of research, John Romer chronicles the history of Ancient Egypt from the building of the Great Pyramid through the rise & fall of the Middle Kingdom: a peak of Pharaonic culture & the period when writing first flourished. He reveals how the grand narratives of nineteenth & twentieth-century Egyptologists have misled us by portraying a culture of cruel monarchs & chronic war. Instead, based in part on discoveries of the past two decades, this extraordinary account shows what we can really learn from the remaining architecture, objects & writing: a history based on physical reality.