Ilan Pappe`s book traces the history of Palestine from the Ottomans in the nineteenth century, through the British Mandate, the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948, & the subsequent wars & conflicts which have dominated this troubled region. The second edition of Pappe`s book has been updated to include the dramatic events of the 1990s & the early twenty-first century. These years, which began with a sense of optimism, as the Oslo peace accord was being negotiated, culminated in the second intifada & the increase of militancy on both sides. Pappe explains the reasons for the failure of Oslo & the two-state solution, & reflects upon life thereafter as the Palestinians & Israelis battle it out under the shadow of the wall of separation. As in the first edition, it is the men, women & children of Palestine who are at the centre of Pappe`s narrative.