The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb Alamgir is one of the most hated men in Indian history. Widely reviled as a religious fanatic who sought to violently oppress Hindus, he is even blamed by some for setting into motion conflicts that would result in the creation of a separate Muslim state in South Asia. In her lively overview of his life & influence, Audrey Truschke offers a clear-eyed perspective on the public debate over Aurangzeb & makes the case for why his often-maligned legacy deserves to be reassessed. Aurangzeb was arguably the most powerful & wealthiest ruler of his day. His nearly 50-year reign (1658-1707) had a profound influence on the political landscape of early modern India, & his legacy-real & imagined-continues to loom large in India & Pakistan today. Truschke evaluates Aurangzeb not by modern standards but according to the traditions & values of his own time, painting a picture of Aurangzeb as a complex figure whose relationship to Islam was dynamic, strategic, & sometimes contradictory. This book invites students of South Asian history & religion into the world of the Mughal Empire, framing the contemporary debate on Aurangzeb`s impact & legacy in accessible & engaging terms.