The American bombing of terrorist bases in Afghanistan under the protection of the Islamic fundamentalist Taliban movement has brought the Taliban into sharp focus as the most radical & extreme Islamic movement in the world today. Little is known about the Taliban because of the deep secrecy that surrounds their political movement, their leaders & their aims. The geo-strategic implications of the Taliban are already creating severe instability in Russia, Iran & the five Central Asian republics where the Taliban have become a major player in the new Great Game, as Western countries & companies compete to build oil & gas pipelines from Central Asia to Western & Asian markets. The Taliban`s implementation of their extreme interpretation of Islam poses new challenges to the Muslim world & the West`s understanding of radical Islam in the post-Cold War era. ` Taliban: Islam, Oil & the New Great Game` was runner-up in the prestigious annual British-Kuwait Friendship Society Prize, administered by the British Society for Middle Eastern Studies.